车间里非常常见的一幕：零件丢进槽里嗡嗡响半小时，捞出来缝隙里还是一圈黑油。很多人第一反应是“设备不行”，其实超声波本身不背锅——它只负责造气泡，真正决定干不干净的，是气泡有没有打对地方。

The most common scene in the workshop is when parts are thrown into the groove and hum for half an hour, but when they are pulled out, there is still a circle of black oil in the gap. Many people's first reaction is that the equipment is not working, but in fact, ultrasound itself is not the scapegoat - it is only responsible for creating bubbles, and the real determinant of whether the bubbles can be cleaned is whether they hit the right place.

先记住一个原理：超声波靠液体里无数微小气泡爆裂来撕污垢，这叫空化效应。气泡太大容易伤件，太小又撕不动油，所以频率不能瞎选。重油污、铸件、带盲孔的工件用28kHz左右，劲儿大、钻得深；精密五金、镀层件、光学小件切到40kHz甚至80kHz以上，气泡细密，不会把表面打出麻点。

First of all, remember a principle: ultrasound relies on the bursting of countless tiny bubbles in the liquid to tear apart dirt, which is called cavitation effect. Bubbles that are too large can easily damage parts, while those that are too small cannot tear the oil, so the frequency cannot be randomly selected. Heavy oil stains, castings, and workpieces with blind holes use around 28kHz, with strong force and deep drilling; Precision hardware, coated parts, and optical small parts are cut to 40kHz or even 80kHz or above, with fine bubbles that will not create rough spots on the surface.

第二看功率密度，不是总功率。同样600W，塞进20升槽里和塞进60升槽里完全是两回事。普通除油按每升30到50瓦去算，精密件取下限，重垢取上限。功率虚标或者槽太大，表现就是“一直在震，但油纹丝不动”。

The second consideration is power density, not total power. Similarly, stuffing 600W into a 20 liter slot and stuffing it into a 60 liter slot are completely different things. Ordinary degreasing is calculated at 30 to 50 watts per liter, with the lower limit for precision parts and the upper limit for heavy scale. If the power is falsely marked or the slot is too large, it means "it keeps shaking, but the oil doesn't move at all".

第三是清洗剂与温度。纯清水加超声，去拉伸油、抛光蜡基本没戏，建议配水基除油剂或碳氢溶剂。温度拉到40到60℃非常舒服，太低油污不软化，超过70℃气泡里全是蒸汽，爆破力反而掉一半。

The third is the cleaning agent and temperature. Pure water mixed with ultrasound is basically ineffective in removing stretching oil and polishing wax, and must be accompanied by water-based degreasers or hydrocarbon solvents. The temperature is most comfortable when pulled to 40 to 60 ℃. If it is too low, the oil stains will not soften. If it exceeds 70 ℃, the bubbles will be filled with steam, and the explosive force will decrease by half.

非常后是摆放这种小事：工件堆成小山、紧贴槽底，被挡住的那一面就是清洗盲区。用网篮单层摆、件与件留一指宽，盲孔朝侧下，让气泡能钻进去。新换的清洗液先空载开几分钟脱气，把水里溶解的空气排掉，空化效率直接上一个档次。

Finally, there is this small matter of placement: the workpieces are piled up in a small hill, tightly attached to the bottom of the groove, and the side that is blocked is the cleaning blind spot. Use a single-layer mesh basket to place items, leaving one finger wide between them, with blind holes facing downwards to allow bubbles to penetrate. The newly replaced cleaning solution should be left empty for a few minutes to degas and remove any dissolved air from the water. This will directly increase the cavitation efficiency.

顺手记一条维护红线：换能器表面结垢和清洗液饱和不换，再贵的机子也会越洗越慢。每次用完排液冲槽，过滤芯按月换，比年年换新设备划算得多。

Remember a maintenance red line: If the surface of the transducer is scaled and the cleaning solution is saturated, do not replace it. Even the most expensive machine will wash slower and slower. It is much more cost-effective to replace the filter element monthly after each use of the drainage flushing tank than to replace the equipment with a new one every year.

把“频率对口、功率按升算、药剂配温、件不叠放”这四句钉在操作台旁边，返洗率通常能肉眼可见地降下来。

Nail the four sentences of "frequency matching, power calculation by rising, medication temperature matching, and no stacking of components" next to the control panel, and the backwash rate can usually be visibly reduced.