很多人第一次用超声波清洗机，都会好奇：扔进去的眼镜、五金件，没见明显刷洗，拿出来就锃光瓦亮——这是魔术还是物理？

Many people are curious when they use an ultrasonic cleaning machine for the first time: the glasses and hardware thrown in, without any cleaning, shine brightly when taken out - is this magic or physics?

答案是“空化效应”，一种每秒发生数万次的微观爆破。

The answer is' cavitation effect ', a microscopic explosion that occurs tens of thousands of times per second.

超声波清洗机的核心由三部分组成：超声波发生器负责产生高频电信号，换能器（通常是压电陶瓷）将电信号转化为高频机械振动，非常后通过清洗槽将振动传递到液体中。当超声波（频率通常在20-60kHz）在液体中传播时，会产生疏密波——负压区形成真空微气泡，正压区气泡被瞬间压爆。

The core of an ultrasonic cleaning machine consists of three parts: the ultrasonic generator is responsible for generating high-frequency electrical signals, the transducer (usually a piezoelectric ceramic) converts the electrical signals into high-frequency mechanical vibrations, and finally transmits the vibrations to the liquid through the cleaning tank. When ultrasound waves (usually with a frequency of 20-60kHz) propagate in liquid, they generate a dense wave - vacuum microbubbles are formed in the negative pressure zone, and the bubbles in the positive pressure zone are instantly compressed and burst.

这个压爆瞬间有多猛？局部温度可达约5000℃，压力超过1000个大气压，冲击波以400km/h的速度冲向工件表面。污垢就在这种持续不断的“微观爆炸”中被剥离、乳化、粉碎。

How intense is this explosive moment? The local temperature can reach about 5000 ℃, the pressure exceeds 1000 atmospheres, and the shock wave rushes towards the surface of the workpiece at a speed of 400km/h. Dirt is stripped, emulsified, and crushed in this continuous' micro explosion '.

频率怎么选？记住口诀：去重污用低频，保精密用高频。

How to choose the frequency? Remember the mnemonic: use low frequency to remove heavy pollution and high frequency to maintain precision.

低频（20-28kHz）：气泡大、冲击力强，适合去除金属零件的积碳、铁锈等顽固污垢。

Low frequency (20-28kHz): Large bubbles and strong impact force, suitable for removing stubborn dirt such as carbon deposits and rust on metal parts.

中频（40kHz左右）：气泡小而密集，适合电子元件、珠宝首饰。

Mid frequency (around 40kHz): Small and dense bubbles, suitable for electronic components and jewelry.

高频（60-200kHz）：方向集中、冲击柔和，适用于半导体芯片、光学镜片等零损伤要求的精密件。

High frequency (60-200kHz): with concentrated direction and gentle impact, suitable for precision parts such as semiconductor chips and optical lenses that require zero damage.

温度也有讲究。 超声波在30℃-40℃时“空化效果”非常佳，配合清洗剂时40℃-50℃更能提升去污效率。这就是为什么工业超声波清洗机大多配备加热功能。

Temperature is also important. Ultrasonic waves have the best cavitation effect at 30 ℃ -40 ℃, and when combined with cleaning agents at 40 ℃ -50 ℃, they can improve the efficiency of cleaning. That's why most industrial ultrasonic cleaning machines are equipped with heating function.

日常维护记住三点：定期换液、清洗槽体、检查换能器。别让过滤器堵塞或换能器表面结垢，否则超声功率大打折扣。

Remember three points for daily maintenance: regularly changing the fluid, cleaning the tank, and checking the transducer. Do not let the filter clog or the transducer surface scale, otherwise the ultrasonic power will be greatly reduced.

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