众所周知，电子车间的洁净度对产品的可靠性具有极其重要的影响，保持高水平的洁净度可以确保产品的品质和稳定性。关键电子零部件在制造过程避免受到外部污染是至关重要的。若电子零部件受到污染，将增加故障和缺陷的风险，降低产品的可靠性和寿命。因此，清洗工艺成为了电子制造过程难以割舍的一个环节。在GB38508-2020《清洗剂挥发性有机化合物含量限值》中，将清洗剂分为三类，分别是水基清洗剂、有机溶剂清洗剂、半水基清洗剂。其中有机溶剂型清洗剂的主要清洗工艺为手工浸泡刷洗、超声波清洗（非易燃易爆型有机溶剂清洗剂），以及汽相蒸汽清洗方式等。水基清洗剂与半水基型清洗剂的主要应用工艺为超声清洗和喷淋清洗，均为工业清洗中最为常见的清洗方式，两者的清洗原理以及应用领域上存有一些不同之处，藉由本文予以简述。

　　As is well known, the cleanliness of electronic workshops has an extremely important impact on the reliability of products, and maintaining a high level of cleanliness can ensure the quality and stability of products. It is crucial to avoid external contamination during the manufacturing process of critical electronic components. If electronic components are contaminated, it will increase the risk of malfunctions and defects, and reduce the reliability and lifespan of the product. Therefore, the cleaning process has become an indispensable part of the electronic manufacturing process. In GB38508-2020 "Limits for volatile organic compound content of cleaning agents", cleaning agents are divided into three categories: water-based cleaning agents, organic solvent cleaning agents, and semi water-based cleaning agents. The main cleaning processes of organic solvent based cleaning agents include manual soaking and brushing, ultrasonic cleaning (non flammable and non explosive organic solvent cleaning agents), and vapor phase steam cleaning methods. The main application processes of water-based cleaning agents and semi water-based cleaning agents are ultrasonic cleaning and spray cleaning, both of which are the most common cleaning methods in industrial cleaning. There are some differences in the cleaning principles and application fields between the two, which will be briefly described in this article.

　　超声清洗设备的清洗机理

　　Cleaning mechanism of ultrasonic cleaning equipment

　　超声波清洗方式则是利用超声波的空化作用对工件表面以及各种间隙内进行有效的清洗。工作原理是通过超声波高频振动，在清洗剂内部瞬间形成数以百万的微小气泡，随着大量气泡的不断的形成与破裂，产生强大的冲击力和涡流效应，撞击工件表面的污染物，将污染物从工件的表面去除。

　　The ultrasonic cleaning method utilizes the cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves to effectively clean the surface of the workpiece and various gaps. The working principle is to use high-frequency ultrasonic vibration to instantly form millions of tiny bubbles inside the cleaning agent. With the continuous formation and rupture of a large number of bubbles, strong impact force and eddy current effect are generated, which impact the pollutants on the surface of the workpiece and remove them from the surface of the workpiece.

　　超声清洗设备（来自网络）

　　Ultrasonic cleaning equipment (from the internet)

　　超声波清洗设备主要应用于清洗各种零部件、器具、工具、机器等物体，主要的应用领域有汽车制造业中的发动机零部件、刹车片、轮毂的高精度的清洗，机械制造业中的齿轮、轴承、泵、阀门的油脂和污垢清洗，电子制造业中的电子元器件、印刷电路板表面的助焊剂残留物和氧化物的去处以及食品加工业中的容器、工具、机器等需要高效、安全、卫生的清洗等。

　　Ultrasonic cleaning equipment is mainly used to clean various components, appliances, tools, machines, and other objects. Its main application areas include high-precision cleaning of engine parts, brake pads, and wheel hubs in the automotive manufacturing industry, cleaning of grease and dirt on gears, bearings, pumps, and valves in the mechanical manufacturing industry, removal of flux residues and oxides on the surface of electronic components and printed circuit boards in the electronic manufacturing industry, and efficient, safe, and hygienic cleaning of containers, tools, machines, etc. in the food processing industry.

　　影响超声清洗效果的主要因素有以下：超声波频率：超声波频率对清洗效果有很大影响，不同频率的超声波适用于不同类型的工件。低频超声波因其强大的剪切力，适用于简单工件表面的清洗，而高频超声波适用于复杂表面和深孔盲孔等狭小缝隙工件的高精密清洗。

　　The main factors affecting the effectiveness of ultrasonic cleaning are as follows: Ultrasonic frequency: Ultrasonic frequency has a significant impact on the cleaning effect, and different frequencies of ultrasonic waves are suitable for different types of workpieces. Low frequency ultrasound is suitable for cleaning simple workpiece surfaces due to its strong shear force, while high-frequency ultrasound is suitable for high-precision cleaning of complex surfaces and narrow gap workpieces such as deep holes and blind holes.

　　超声波功率密度：超声波功率密度也会影响清洗效果。对于难以清洗的工件，宜采用大功率密度，而对于精密工件，宜采用小功率密度。功率密度越高，清洗效果越好，清洗速度也越快。过高的功率也会对易损零件、敏感器件造成潜在的负面影响。

　　Ultrasonic power density: Ultrasonic power density can also affect the cleaning effect. For workpieces that are difficult to clean, high power density is recommended, while for precision workpieces, low power density is recommended. The higher the power density, the better the cleaning effect and the faster the cleaning speed. Excessive power can also have potential negative effects on vulnerable parts and sensitive components.

　　清洗剂的种类：针对不同的工件应当需要选择不同的清洗剂类型，复杂难以去除的重污染物应当提高相应的清洗剂浓度或选用KB值高的有机溶剂型清洗剂。根据清洗剂种类的不同，选择不同的参数以达到最佳的清洗效果。

　　Types of cleaning agents: Different types of cleaning agents should be selected for different workpieces. For complex and difficult to remove heavy pollutants, the corresponding cleaning agent concentration should be increased or organic solvent based cleaning agents with high KB values should be selected. Select different parameters based on the type of cleaning agent to achieve the best cleaning effect.

　　清洗温度：超声波在一定温度范围内发挥最佳效果。温度越高，有利于污染物的分解与剥离，但当温度过高时，反而会降低超声波的清洗效果。

　　Cleaning temperature: Ultrasonic waves have the best effect within a certain temperature range. The higher the temperature, the more conducive it is to the decomposition and stripping of pollutants, but when the temperature is too high, it will actually reduce the cleaning effect of ultrasonic waves.

　　清洗时间：一般情况下延长清洗时间，清洗效果越好。但针对于敏感复杂的工件时，需合理的控制清洗时间防止对工件表面或内部造成损坏。以上各种因素综合起来，影响超声清洗设备的清洗效果。因此，在使用超声清洗设备时，需要根据具体情况选择合适的超声波频率、功率密度、清洗剂类型和浓度以及清洗温度，并合理的控制清洗时间，以获得最佳的清洗效果。

　　Cleaning time: Generally speaking, extending the cleaning time results in better cleaning effectiveness. However, when dealing with sensitive and complex workpieces, it is necessary to control the cleaning time reasonably to prevent damage to the surface or interior of the workpiece. The combination of the above factors affects the cleaning effect of ultrasonic cleaning equipment. Therefore, when using ultrasonic cleaning equipment, it is necessary to choose the appropriate ultrasonic frequency, power density, type and concentration of cleaning agent, and cleaning temperature according to the specific situation, and control the cleaning time reasonably to achieve the best cleaning effect.

　　喷淋清洗设备的清洗机理

　　Cleaning mechanism of spray cleaning equipment

　　喷淋清洗过程主要借助于喷淋清洗设备，将水基或半水基型清洗剂高压喷射到工件表面进行清洗。其工作原理是通过高压泵将清洗剂加压到一定程度，通过专业的喷嘴将清洗剂喷洒到工件表面，借助于高压冲击力，结合清洗剂的润湿、溶解、乳化、皂化等方式将污染物从工件表面或间隙中去除剥离，从而达到高效的清洗效果。

　　The spray cleaning process mainly relies on spray cleaning equipment to high-pressure spray water-based or semi water-based cleaning agents onto the surface of the workpiece for cleaning. Its working principle is to pressurize the cleaning agent to a certain degree through a high-pressure pump, and spray the cleaning agent onto the surface of the workpiece through a professional nozzle. With the help of high-pressure impact force, combined with the wetting, dissolution, emulsification, saponification and other methods of the cleaning agent, pollutants are removed and peeled off from the surface or gaps of the workpiece, thus achieving efficient cleaning effect.

　　喷淋清洗设备

　　Spray cleaning equipment

　　喷淋清洗设备主要应用于工业制造领域，常用于去除机械设备、工业零件、管道表面的油脂和其他污垢等，在电子制造行业，印刷电路板（PCB）生产过程PCB表面上的化学物质和助焊剂残留，食品加工和医药领域的加工设备、管道和其他工业零件等各种行业。

　　Spray cleaning equipment is mainly used in the industrial manufacturing field, commonly used to remove grease and other dirt from mechanical equipment, industrial parts, and pipeline surfaces. In the electronic manufacturing industry, chemical substances and flux residues on the surface of printed circuit boards (PCBs) during the production process, as well as in various industries such as food processing and pharmaceutical processing equipment, pipelines, and other industrial parts.

　　影响喷淋清洗效果的主要因素有以下：

　　The main factors affecting the effectiveness of spray cleaning are as follows:

　　清洗设备的压力：清洗过程中喷淋压力会直接影响清洗效果，喷淋压力越大，工件表面的冲击力和剪切力越大，清洗效果越好，但对于柔性材料或敏感材料需控制喷淋压力上限，防止对材料表面或工件可靠性造成损伤。

　　Pressure of cleaning equipment: The spray pressure during the cleaning process will directly affect the cleaning effect. The higher the spray pressure, the greater the impact and shear forces on the surface of the workpiece, and the better the cleaning effect. However, for flexible or sensitive materials, the upper limit of the spray pressure should be controlled to prevent damage to the material surface or workpiece reliability.

　　喷淋角度：正确的喷淋角度和位置可以确保清洗剂均匀无死角的覆盖到工件的表面，从而达到最佳的清洗效果。清洗剂的选择：清洗剂的效果与清洗剂的浓度密切有关。过低的浓度可导致无法有效的清除污染物，无法达到预期的清洗效果；而过高的浓度则可能会导致清洗剂的残留，从而产生大量漂洗废水。TECHSPRA特可锐，可满足您对清洗剂的各种严苛的要求，我们的实验室和技术人员能够为您提供试验和验证服务，ITW为您提供综合解决方案。

　　Spray angle: The correct spray angle and position can ensure that the cleaning agent covers the surface of the workpiece evenly without dead corners, thereby achieving the best cleaning effect. The selection of cleaning agents: The effectiveness of cleaning agents is closely related to their concentration. Low concentration can lead to ineffective removal of pollutants and inability to achieve the expected cleaning effect; Excessive concentration may lead to residual cleaning agents, resulting in a large amount of rinsing wastewater. TECHSPRA can meet your various stringent requirements for cleaning agents. Our laboratory and technical personnel can provide you with testing and validation services, while ITW provides you with comprehensive solutions.

　　温度和时间：在清洗过程中，清洗温度的控制会影响清洗效果，同时也会影响清洗剂的消耗量和设备的使用寿命。清洗时间的长短也会影响清洗效果，清洗时间过短会导致清洗不彻底，而过长则会造成资源的浪费。

　　Temperature and time: During the cleaning process, controlling the cleaning temperature can affect the cleaning effect, as well as the consumption of cleaning agents and the service life of equipment. The length of cleaning time can also affect the cleaning effect. A too short cleaning time can lead to incomplete cleaning, while a too long cleaning time can cause waste of resources. ???

　　喷淋设备的定期保养：定期对设备进行维护和保养，检查管道、喷嘴的清洁度可确保设备的清洗效果，同时也可以延长设备的使用寿命。总之，喷淋清洗设备的主要是通过高压水流的冲击力将物体表面的污垢剥离，达到清洗的效果。在清洗过程中，还需要控制系统对设备进行精确控制，以保证清洗效果和设备的安全性。

　　Regular maintenance of sprinkler equipment: Regular maintenance and upkeep of the equipment, checking the cleanliness of pipelines and nozzles, can ensure the cleaning effect of the equipment and also extend its service life. In short, the main function of spray cleaning equipment is to remove dirt from the surface of objects through the impact force of high-pressure water flow, achieving the cleaning effect. During the cleaning process, it is also necessary to control the equipment accurately by the control system to ensure the cleaning effect and the safety of the equipment.

　　两种清洗工艺的对比

　　Comparison of Two Cleaning Processes

　　超声清洗是利用超声波的空化作用和冲击力来清洗物体表面和微小孔隙中的污垢。它广泛应用于工业领域，如电子元器件、医疗器械、眼镜、珠宝等的清洗。喷淋清洗是通过喷淋管将清洗剂高压均匀喷洒在物体表面，利用喷洒的高压水流冲洗污垢。它常用于工业生产线上的清洗工艺，如汽车零部件、机械设备等的清洗。超声清洗和喷淋清洗在清洗方式上有所不同。超声清洗利用超声波的物理效应来清洗，可以清洗微小孔隙和复杂形状的物体；而喷淋清洗则是通过高压水流的冲洗作用来清洗物体表面。

　　Ultrasonic cleaning is the use of the cavitation and impact force of ultrasound to clean dirt from the surface and tiny pores of objects. It is widely used in industrial fields, such as cleaning electronic components, medical equipment, glasses, jewelry, etc. Spray cleaning is the process of uniformly spraying cleaning agents at high pressure onto the surface of objects through a spray pipe, and using the sprayed high-pressure water flow to flush away dirt. It is commonly used in cleaning processes on industrial production lines, such as cleaning automotive parts, mechanical equipment, etc. Ultrasonic cleaning and spray cleaning have different cleaning methods. Ultrasonic cleaning utilizes the physical effects of ultrasound to clean small pores and complex shaped objects; Spray cleaning, on the other hand, uses the flushing effect of high-pressure water flow to clean the surface of objects.

　　根据具体的清洗需求和物体特性选择合适的清洗工艺，如需要清洗微小孔隙和复杂形状的物体，超声清洗可能更适合；如果需要快速清洗平面物体，喷淋清洗可能更适合。

　　Select the appropriate cleaning process based on specific cleaning needs and object characteristics. For cleaning small pores and complex shaped objects, ultrasonic cleaning may be more suitable; If you need to quickly clean flat objects, spray cleaning may be more suitable.

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　　This article is a friendly contribution from the through type spray cleaning machine For more related knowledge, please click http://www.jnthcsb.com/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.